Surfactants refer to substances that can significantly reduce the surface tension of the target solution. Having fixed hydrophilic and oleophilic groups, they can be oriented and arranged on the surface of the solution. The molecular structure of surfactants has amphiphilic properties: one end is a hydrophilic group and the other end is a hydrophobic group; Hydrophilic groups are often polar groups, such as carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, sulfuric acids, amino or amino groups and their salts. Hydroxyl groups, acyl groups, ether bonds, etc. can also be polar hydrophilic groups; And hydrophobic groups are often non-polar hydrocarbon chains, such as hydrocarbon chains with more than 8 carbon atoms. Surfactants are divided into ionic surfactants (including cationic and anionic surfactants), non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, composite surfactants, and other surfactants.



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